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Battle of Martinique (1667)
The Battle of Martinique also known as Harman’s Martinican Bonfire was a major naval battle fought in the Caribbean island of Martinique at St Pierre, from 30 June to 7 July 1667 that came towards the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. A French fleet anchored in the bay led by Joseph de La Barre were attacked by an English fleet led by Admiral Sir John Harman. The English were totally victorious, virtually wiping out the French fleet in the Caribbean and enabled them to secure their domination and position in the West Indies despite being at the war's end.〔
== Background ==
The Anglo Dutch war had spread to the Caribbean in 1665 and the English had been quick to capture Dutch held colonies of Suriname and their island of St Eustatius. A French declaration of war on the side of the Dutch in Mid April 1666 took the situation a step further and buoyed a Dutch counterattack. Quickly the French under Joseph-Antoine de La Barre took over the English Caribbean islands offsetting English control. First the English half of St Kitts fell, quickly followed by Antigua and Montserrat. The Dutch meanwhile under Admiral Abraham Crijnssen had reconquered the island of Saint Eustacias and following that recaptured Suriname. With the Caribbean clearly in Franco Dutch control Abraham Crijnssen and de La Barre combined forces and agreed to a Franco-Dutch invasion of Nevis on the 20 May 1667. However this invasion was repelled by the English in a confused action. After this failed attack and the fallout that followed the French, under de la Barre, moved to Martinique. The Dutch under Crijnssen moved to the Virginia colony to make an attack there.〔
In early June a new British fleet, under the command of Rear-Admiral Sir John Harman, reached the West Indies. Harman brought seven men-of-war and two fireships with him, transforming the balance of power in the area. He set sail southeast from Nevis to try and intercept de La Barre's fleet and so headed for Martinique on 25 June. Harman with his original squadron, plus ''Jersey'' and ''Norwich'' now had a total strength of nine ships of the line, a fire ship, and an auxiliary. He saw nineteen French West India Company vessels and 14 Martinican traders huddled beneath Fort Saint Pierre protected by two smaller forts by midday of 29 June.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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